Short biography sample
Minamoto no Yoshiie
Leader of the Kawachi Genji (–)
| Minamoto no Yoshiie | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Minamoto no Yoshiie, by Kuniyoshi Utagawa | |
| Born | c.&#; |
| Died | 4 August () (aged&#;66–67) |
| Native name | 源義家 |
| Other names | Hachimantarō Yoshiie (八幡太郎義家) Most Valorous Warrior in the Land (天下第一武勇之士) |
| Residence | Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Team | Minamoto clan |
In this Japanese name, the surname is Minamoto.
Minamoto no Yoshiie (源 義家; – 4 August ), also known as Hachimantarō Yoshiie (八幡太郎義家) and his title Most Valorous Warrior in the Land (天下第一武勇之士), was a Minamoto clansamurai of the late Heian period, and Chinjufu-shōgun (Commander-in-chief of the defense of the North).
The first son of Minamoto no Yoriyoshi,[1] he proved himself in battle with the Abe clan in the Zenkunen War (Former Nine Years' War) and the Kiyohara clan in the Gosannen War (Later Three Years' War). Subsequently, he became something of a paragon of samurai skill and bravery.[2]Oe no Masafusa was his teacher for the art of war.[1] He was the third generation leader of the Kawachi Genji.
In legends he is thought to be the son or avatar of Hachiman, and after his death, Yoshiie was elevated to Kami status, renamed “Hachimantaro”, lit. “son of Hachiman”, the Shinto god of war, and was made by the Minamoto clan into their Patron Ancestral Kami.
Yoshiie was also a great-great-great-grandson of Prince Sadasumi, a son of Emperor Seiwa, through a junior line.
The Zenkunen War
In , Abe no Yoritoki wave the post of Chinjufu-shōgun, as the Abe clan had for many generations. Effectively, however, Yoritoki commanded the entire region, denying the official Governor any true power. As a result, Yoshiie's father was appointed both chinjufu shōgun and governor, and Yoshiie traveled north with him to resolve the situation.
The campaign against the Abe clan lasted twelve years. Yoshiie fought alongside his father in almost every battle, including the Battle of Kawasaki and the Siege of Kuriyagawa. Abe no Yoritoki died in , but his son Abe no Sadato took up command of his father's forces. But in , Yoshiie defeated and kill Sadato, winning the war a year later.
Yoshiie returned to Kyoto in early with the heads of Abe no Sadato and a number of others.[3]
As a result of his dramatic prowess in battle, he earned the name Hachimantaro, referring to him as the "son of Hachiman", the god of war.[4] The following year, Yoshiie took several followers of the Abe, who he had taken as captives, as attendants.
The Later Three Years' War
Over twenty years later, Yoshiie was the chief commander in another important conflict of the Heian period. Beginning in , he battled the Kiyohara family, who had fought alongside him and his father against the Abe, but who had since proven themselves poor rulers of the northern provinces.[3]
Named Governor of Mutsu province in , Yoshiie took it upon himself, without orders from the Imperial Court, to bring some peace and order to the region.
A series of disputes between Kiyohara no Masahira, Kiyohara no Narihira, and Kiyohara no Iehira over leadership of the clan had turned to violence.
There emerged a series of battles and skirmishes between Yoshiie's forces and those of the various Kiyohara sub-factions. Everything came to a head in , at the Kanazawa stockade.
Minamoto no yoshiie biography sample paper pdf Subsequently, he became something of a paragon of samurai skill and bravery. Yoshiie was also a great-great-great-grandson of Prince Sadasumi, a son of Emperor Seiwa , through a junior line. Effectively, however, Yoritoki commanded the entire region, denying the official Governor any true power. The campaign against the Abe clan lasted twelve years. Yoshiie fought alongside his father in almost every battle, including the Battle of Kawasaki and the Siege of Kuriyagawa.Yoshiie, along with his younger brother, Minamoto no Yoshimitsu and Fujiwara no Kiyohira, assaulted the position held by Kiyohara no Iehira and his uncle Kiyohara no Takahira. After many months of failed starts and skirmishes, the stockade was set aflame, and both Takahira and Iehira were killed. The Minamoto forces suffered great losses as well. But it is said that Yoshiie was an especially skilled leader, keeping morale up and preserving a degree of discipline among the warriors.
Later life
He and his younger brother Minamoto no Yoshitsuna were imperial guards for Emperor Shirakawa forming the Hokumen no Bushi. At he was invited to the Imperial Palace which was a high honor at the time. In , Yoshiie’s son Yoshichika disapproved the government and started a revolt which was put down in by Taira general Masamori, father of Taira no Tadamori.
That same year he died. Despite his early death, Yoshiie was remembered by many as a skilled warrior and a respected leader.
Minamoto no yoshiie biography sample paper He was also known by his alias, Hachimantaro Yoshiie. He served as a guard for the Emperor Shirakawa during his imperial visits and suppressed rebelling Mount Hiei monks, but after becoming Mutsu no kuni no kami the governor of Mutsu Province , he interfered in the internal conflict of the Kiyohara clan , triggering the Later Three Years' War which, although he sought official post-war consent, was declared 'a private feud' by the court. For the next ten years he was under house arrest, but he was allowed to visit the imperial palace with Emperor Shirakawa 's consent, although Udaijin Minister of the Right Nakamikado, also as known as FUJIWARA no Munetada , wrote in his diary, "Chuyu-ki" dated October 23, , 'Minamoto no Asomi second highest of the eight hereditary titles is the Emperor's best and bravest bushi. However, there are indications that the public does not approve of his visit to the Imperial Palace. He was active at a time when the political system was shifting from a regency government Sekkan seiji to government by a retired emperor In-sei , resulting in huge political, economic and social changes.He was revered as a patron saint of the warrior class and was celebrated in Japanese literature and folklore for centuries after his death. Yoshiie "would go on to be admired by his contemporaries as the greatest warrior."[1]
Emperor Goshirakawa compiled the Ryojin Hishō, a collection of short stories and poems that were well-known during his time.
One poem in the collection says: “In the deep mountains where all the birds live, there lives the Minamoto clan. Of all of them, Hachimantarō is the most formidable.” This poem is proof that Minamoto no Yoshiie was especially feared among the Genji clan because of his brutal demeanor and strength.
Legacy
As sung in the Ryōjin Hishō, Hachimantarō — or Minamoto no Yoshiie — was known for his exceptional skills as a warrior and was highly regarded as a hero of the Heian period.
By other countless famous figures from Minamoto no Yoritomo to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Yoshiie was considered to be the model of an ideal military commander. Ashikaga Takauji, the first and founding shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, had reportedly considered Yoshiie to be of a “world-renowned” military commander and revered him as such.
Tokugawa Ieyasu, born Matsudaira Takechiyo, had later changed his name to Ieyasu for the reason being it shared a kanji character with Yoshiie’s name (both Ieyasu and Yoshiie’s names share the kanji character 家). Some also say he may have claimed Minamoto lineage due to how high of a regard he held Yoshiie.
Free biography sample A real-life historical figure who was often portrayed in kabuki theater and in literature. Having mastered in a very short time all the branches of military art, he made his first experiment at arms during the expedition conducted by his father against Abe Yoritoki, distinguished himself and on this account received the name of Dewa no kami , In the bonzes of the Mii-dera temple came to besiege Hiei-zan: Yoshiie was asked to repulse them. Yoshiie has remained one of the most renowned heroes of the Middle Ages and legend has added some marvelous details to his eventful life. Papinot, pp.The relationship between Yoshiie and his vassals, particularly during the Later Three Year War, developed into the basic principle of “loyalty and reward” that rose to prevalence in the Kamakura shogunate, during Minamoto no Yoritomo’s time. For example, a samurai’s vassals would promise their loyalty to the samurai, whilst the samurai would personally reward them for their loyalty.
This allowed the Kawachi Genji to easily gain the loyalty of lower-level samurais without directly requiring authority comparable to that of the Imperial Court. By implementing and passing down the “loyalty and reward” principle, Minamoto no Yoshiie’s legacy as the ideal military commander continued to live on through the later generations of the Minamoto clan.
Yoshiie is noted in Japanese history as one of its most brilliant warriors. Nobles of the day referred to him as "The Samurai of The Greatest Bravery Under Heaven." Courageous in battle, he is also remembered as an accomplished poet and a motivating leader. As the Heian period drew to a close, and the stability that had marked this phase of Japanese history became increasingly fractured and strained, the imperial court frequently called Yoshiie and his Minamoto warriors into service to subdue rebels and quiet unruly segments of the country.
It was partially based on the gains made by Yoshiie during his career that the Minamoto clan established themselves as one of the pre-eminent military clans in the realm, positioning themselves for the ultimate wresting of political power from the emperor and the court in Kyoto, or those who controlled it, and the establishment of the shōgunate in Kamakura, barely a hundred years later, in , under Minamoto Yoritomo.
Yet, despite his accomplishments as a warrior and general, he is largely remembered for events that are largely apocryphal in nature, embellished over time to give an even deeper luster to his undeniably impressive record: the episode at Yuhajino no Izumi ("The Spring Revealed by the Strike of a Bow"), an impromptu poetry competition held on horseback between Yoshiie and his enemy Abe Sadato during a chase, and an interpretation of the erratic behavior of a flock of birds to uncover an ambush during the Battle of Kanazawa"
Legends
"On a hot day in the spring of , Minamoto no Yoshiie (), then barely sixteen years old, was leading his troops into a battle against Abe Sadato.
Yoshiie had only months before joined his fathers forces in their efforts to subdue the Abe clan and had already established his reputation as a ferocious warrior, garnering him the sobriquet Hachiman Taro Yoshiie, or "Yoshiie, first son of Hachiman (the God of War)." On this particular day, the troops in their armor were suffering from the oppressive heat.
With no immediate water source in sight, Yoshiie, praying to Kannon (the Goddess of Mercy), shot an arrow into the air. Tracing the arrow to where it landed, Yoshiie used his bow to dig into the earth, releasing an unknown spring of water. Refreshed and strengthened by the waters from this divine spring, Yoshiie and his forces went on to win a major victory over the Abe.
The Tenkoumaru (天光丸) is a Japanese sword (particularly, a long-bladed tachi) that is said to have been made during the Heian period. It is designated as a National Treasure of Japan and is preserved in the Tsuboi Hachimangu Shrine in Hakibino, Osaka Prefecture. It is also at times referred to as the “Blade of Tenkoumaru”.
It is a blade forged by the swordsmith Yasutsuna from the Hōki Province, who was active during the Heian period; the same swordsmith well-known for forging the famous Doujigiri Yasutsuna. According to the picture scroll “Kawachi Meisho Zue”, Tenkoumaru is said to be a “sister sword” of Doujigiri, meaning that the two blades were forged from the same iron.
The origin of the Tenkoumaru is described in volume four of the archive “History of Hakibino City”.
Minamoto no yoshiie biography sample paper english
Minamoto Yoshiie, a man who came to embody the spirit of the samurai and a legend even in his own time, was the son of Minamoto Yoriyoshi - Yoriyoshi, the third generation of the Seiwa Genji , was a noted commander, and in was commissioned to defeat the rebellious Abe family of Dewa Province. The Abe had for years held prominent posts in this distant, forbidding region, and had come to assume a certain autonomy. They were in fact described as ebisu, a somewhat generic term which was also applied to the Ainu. Abe Sadato comes across as an altogether more impressive man than his father, and proved a formidable foe even for Yoshiie and Yoriyoshi.The archive describes a former owner of the Tenkoumaru, who lost the sword whilst escaping to the foot of Mount Kongo. After several years of searching, the sword was never found until another man had discovered the Tenkoumaru buried beneath the mountain soil after having witnessed a “shining light from beneath the soil”. Through unknown means, the Tenkoumaru eventually ended up in the possession of Minamoto no Mitsunaka, who passed the sword down to his son, Minamoto no Yorinobu, with it again being passed down to Minamoto no Yoshiie as one of the treasured swords of the Minamoto clan.
On October 14, , the Tenkoumaru was designated as a National Treasure of Japan.
The length of the blade itself is cm, the degree of curvature is about cm, and the tang (part of the blade where the hilt would be affixed) is 20 cm.
He was gifted the swords Higekiri and Hizamaru the Seiwa Genji heirlooms.
Genta ga Ubukinu is a suit of armour that is said to have been used and extensively passed down the Minamoto clan.
It is also sometimes written or known as “Genta ga Ubuginu”, “Kuwantaka Ubuginu”, “Armour of Guwatsuta”, and “Armour of Maruta”. It is said that Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi, who served Koichijo-in faithfully, had witnessed the birth of his son Minamoto-no-Yoshiie and was notably overjoyed at his birth, eventually passing the armour down to him.
It is said that the deities Amaterasu and Hachiman were depicted on the chest plate, and wisteria flowers were displayed on its sleeves. During the Heiji Rebellion, Minamoto-no-Yoritomo donned the Genta ga Ubukinu. At the time, he was around twelve years old.
The daughter of Abe no Sadato was a woman named Hanahime who was known to be a stubborn, beautiful woman who excelled in martial arts and wanted to end the war as soon as possible.
When Minamoto no Yoriyoshi became the Governor of Mutsu Province, the Abe clan held a grand feast to celebrate Yoriyoshi’s promotion, which is where Hanahime met Yoshiie and eventually formed a close relationship with him. Yoshiie and Hanahime’s relationship later reached a point where they regularly sent letters to each other, and Hanahime once received a letter from Yoshiie saying, “I will welcome you to the capital as my wife”, but their relationship was sadly torn apart due to the Former Nine Years’ War.
After the Abe family was defeated, Hanahime and Yoshiie fled to Dewa and traversed the Ishikari mountain range. Hanahime set up camp on one of the mountains near a river, and with the help of monks and soldiers, she fought against the Abe clan alongside the Minamoto, but her struggle was futile and she was eventually overpowered.
Hanahime threw herself off the cliff in the Mibuchi Valley, committing suicide, as she refused to surrender herself. The handmaids who had accompanied Hanahime followed suit and also threw themselves into the valley, and all of the remaining soldiers were killed in battle after that she became a dragon god.
Family
- Father: Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (源頼義, –)
- Mother: Daughter of Taira no Naokata (平直方の娘)
- Wife: Daughter of Fujiwara no Aritsuna (藤原有綱の娘)
Family tree
See also
References
- ^ abcSato, Hiroaki ().
Legends of the Samurai. Overlook Duckworth. pp.&#;74– ISBN&#;.
- ^Sansom, George ().
Biography sample for work: Minamoto no Yoshiie (源 義家; – 4 August ), also known as Hachimantarō Yoshiie (八幡太郎義家) and his title Most Valorous Warrior in the Land (天下第一武勇之士), was a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period, and Chinjufu-shōgun (Commander-in-chief of the defense of the North).
A history of Japan to . Stanford University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
- ^ abTurnbull, Stephen (). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp.&#;22– ISBN&#;.
- ^Turnbull, Stephen (). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co.
p.&#; ISBN&#;.